South Korean police are questioning two activists accused of raising tensions with North Korea by sending propaganda balloons and plastic bottles filled with rice across the border.

Park Sang-hak, a North Korean refugee, has floated anti-Pyongyang leaflets by balloon across the land border, while his brother Park Jung-oh, has floated bottles filled with rice across the sea boundary.

Police raided the offices of the Park brothers last week and confiscated leaflets, account books, mobile phone data, computer files and other materials related to their activities.

An officer said further investigations are needed before determining whether the brothers should be charged with a crime.

North Korea raised Park Sang-hak’s long propaganda campaign and South Korea’s failure to prevent it earlier this month before it blew up an empty liaison office on the North’s territory and threatened to take other provocative steps.

The Korean border
The Imjingak Pavilion in Paju, South Korea (AP)

South Korean officials later called for police to investigate the Parks and other activists for raising tensions and potentially endangering residents living near the border.

Authorities in one province that borders North Korea have also accused several activist groups, including those of the Parks, of fraud, embezzlement and other charges over their donation activities.

The moves against the activists have invited criticism that President Moon Jae-in’s liberal government is sacrificing democratic principles to try to repair deteriorating ties with North Korea.

After his office was raided on Friday, Park Sang-hak told reporters that he would keep sending leaflets toward North Korea to inform people there about their authoritarian government.

He also accused the South Korean government of “gagging its people and destroying freedom of speech after succumbing” to North Korea.

Tensions eased slightly last week when North Korea announced it would put off planned steps to nullify reconciliation deals it previously reached with South Korea.

Some experts say North Korea has been intentionally raising tensions as part of a strategy to gain outside concessions at at time when it is facing worsening economic troubles caused by US-led sanctions and the coronavirus pandemic.